Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 691-699

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-07

Hidrogel dengan Sifat Terbiodegradasi Terkawal Berasaskan Selulosa dengan Ekstrak Bawang Putih

(Hydrogel with Controlled Biodegradability Properties Based on Cellulose with Garlic Extract)

NURFARISAH DAMIA ZAMRUDDIN¹, KUSHAIRI MOHD SALLEH¹, SARANI ZAKARIA^2,* & SIVAPREYAN PUNITHAN¹

¹Bahagian Teknologi Biosumber, Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²Jabatan Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 18 May 2024/Accepted: 16 December 2024

Abstrak

Kajian terhadap bahan alternatif seperti hidrogel berasaskan selulosa wujud akibat keperluan bahan lestari yang mendesak. Walau bagaimanapun, sifat mekanikal dan biodegradasi hidrogel selulosa yang lemah mendorong kepada keperluan bahan lain bagi mengatasi masalah ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini memfokuskan kepada perubahan sifat fizikal, peningkatan sifat kimia dan pemanjangan tempoh biodegradasi hidrogel selulosa dengan menggunakan epiklorohidrin (ECH) sebagai agen paut silang kimia dan ekstrak bawang putih sebagai bahan antibakteria. Didapati kepekatan paut silang pada 10% ECH memberikan nilai peratusan penyerapan air tertinggi sebanyak 656.05%, menjadikan 10% ECH sebagai peratusan optimum untuk digabungkan dengan ekstrak bawang putih. Pada 10% ekstrak bawang putih memberikan kesan perencatan biodegradasi yang terbaik dengan peratusan penurunan nilai berat yang terendah sebanyak 34.27% serta nilai penyerapan airnya yang tinggi, melebihi ~500%. Oleh itu, hidrogel berasaskan selulosa yang telah diubah suai boleh digunakan dalam aplikasi yang melibatkan penggunaan air dan penahan air untuk jangka masa yang panjang yang dalam kajian ini ia merujuk kepada berapa lama hidrogel boleh kekal bertahan di dalam tanah seperti untuk aplikasi pertanian.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; biodegradasi terkawal; penyerapan air

Abstract

The study of cellulose-based hydrogels arises from the pressing need for sustainable materials. However, the weak mechanical and biodegradation properties of cellulose hydrogels necessitate the need of other materials to overcome this problem. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the mechanical properties extending the biodegradation period of cellulose hydrogels by using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a chemical crosslinking agent and garlic extract as an antibacterial material. It was found that a 10% ECH crosslinking concentration provided highest percentage of water absorption which is 656.05%, making the 10% ECH the optimal percentage to combine with garlic extract. At 10%, garlic extract concentration had a greater inhibitory effect on biodegradation with a lowest weight percentage value of 34.27% and high water absorption value exceeding ~500%. Therefore, the modified cellulose-based hydrogels can be used in applications involving the water usage and water retention for long-term purposes which is that refers in this experiment to the how long the hydrogel can remain effective in the soil, such as for agricultural applications.

Keywords: Antibacterial; controlled biodegradation; water absorption

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*Corresponding author; email: szakaria@ukm.edu.my